EXCLUSIVE: Iraqi Kurdistan
leader Massoud Barzani says 'the time is here' for self-determination
By Mick Krever, CNN
Iraqi Kurdish President Massoud Barzani gave his
strongest-ever indication on Monday that his region would seek formal
independence from the rest of Iraq.
“Iraq is obviously falling apart,” he told CNN's
Christiane Amanpour in an exclusive interview. “And it’s obvious that the
federal or central government has lost control over everything. Everything is
collapsing – the army, the troops, the police.”
“We did not cause the collapse of Iraq. It is others who
did. And we cannot remain hostages for the unknown,” he said through an
interpreter.
“The time is here for the Kurdistan people to determine
their future and the decision of the people is what we are going to uphold.”
Iraqi Kurdish independence has long been a goal, and the
region has had autonomy from Baghdad for more than two decades, but they have
never before said they would actually pursue that dream.
But the latest crisis, in which Sunni extremists have
captured a large swath of Iraqi territory on the border of Iraqi Kurdistan,
seems to have pushed the Kurds over the edge.
“Now we are living [in] a new Iraq, which is different
completely from the Iraq that we always knew, the Iraq that we lived in ten days
or two weeks ago.”
“After the recent events in Iraq, it has been proved that
the Kurdish people should seize the opportunity now – the Kurdistan people
should now determine their future.”
Barzani said that he would make that case to U.S.
Secretary of State John Kerry when they meet in Erbil Tuesday; America is a
close Kurdish ally, but opposes independence for the region.
“I will ask him, ‘How long shall the Kurdish people remain
like this?’ The Kurdish people is the one who is supposed to determine their
destiny and no one else.”
Fractious relations with Baghdad
A reconciliation, Barzani said, could be possible “if
there was understanding between Shias and Sunnis, and if there is a guarantee
of a true partnership in the authority.”
“But the situation has been very complicated. And the one
who’s responsible for what happened must step down.”
Amanpour asked if Barzani meant Prime Minister al-Maliki.
“Of course. He is the general commander of the army. He
builds the army on the ground of personal loyalty to him, not loyalty to the
whole country. And he monopolizes authority and power. He led the military, and
this is the result.”
Iraqi Kurdistan has long had a fractious relationship with
Baghdad; the region has had autonomy from the rest of Iraq for more than two
decades.
Kurdistan even has its own military forces, the Peshmerga,
which are now busy fighting ISIS extremists; next to the Iraqi military, which
has looked awkward and unprofessional defending the country, the Peshmerga
seems remarkably skilled.
Amanpour asked Barzani whether Iraqi Prime Minister Nouri
al-Maliki had asked for Kurdish military support.
“The prime minister has not asked us. On the contrary, he
rejected every offer to assist.”
Indeed, Barzani said, he warned al-Maliki about the
impending ISIS threat long before they toppled the major Iraqi city of Mosul,
near the Iraqi Kurdish border.
“I did warn Mr. Prime Minister not only a couple of days,
but a few months before the fall of Mosul. I did warn him but he did not take
the warning seriously. And I have many witnesses to that effect that I did warn
him.”
Not everything that has happened, he told Amanpour, was
done by ISIS; but because the extremists have the organization and the
resources, they are seizing upon general discontent with al-Maliki.
“People in those areas found that the opportunity was
there to revolt against that wrongful policy.”
“That is the public anger. And it’s important to
distinguish between what are legitimate rights and what terrorists are trying
to accomplish.”
The United States, ‘a true friend’
Iraqi Kurdistan and the United States have a close
relationship, cemented by the American no-fly zone enforced over the region
during the 1990s to protect the Kurds from Saddam Hussein.
When Barzani meets with Secretary of State Kerry on
Tuesday, he will no doubt be hoping that that relationship – and America’s
investment in Iraqi Kurdistan – will help convince Kerry of the need for
independence.
“The United States has been a true friend and we Kurds
have shown that we deserve that friendship.”
“The success of the region of Kurdistan was the only
success that resulted from American policies.”
“And the United States has given opportunity to all Iraqis
to build a modern, democratic state; pluralistic state; federal state. But,
unfortunately, the others were not able to seize the same opportunity.”
Amanpour asked Barzani whether he thought the 300 military
advisers the U.S. is sending to Iraq “can change the balance of power on the
ground?”
“I do not believe so. I do not believe that this will
change the balance of power. And this issue cannot be resolved by military
means.”
“It’s a political issue that has to be dealt with
politically. And after that, a military resolution can be easier to accomplish
if there was a political agreement and political power.”
An uncertain future for Kirkuk
In defending Iraqi Kurdistan from ISIS, Barzani may also
have seized on an opportunity. The Peshmerga have recently taken control of
Kirkuk, an oil-rich region that the Kurds consider to be an integral part of
their territory.
“We never had any doubt at any time that Kirkuk is part of
Kurdistan,” he said.
The Iraqi constitution sets out a very specific process
whereby the future of Kirkuk – whether in Kurdistan or the rest of the country
– should be determined, involving a census of the area and then a referendum.
“For the last ten years, we have been waiting to have that
article applied, but we haven’t seen any seriousness from the central
government. And since we have new developments in Iraq now, this is what
brought about the new situation with Kirkuk coming back to Kurdistan.”
“We haven’t done this referendum yet, but we will do and
we will respect the opinion of the citizens even if they refuse to have
Kurdistan as an independent state.”
Life’s work
“Do you feel,” Amanpour asked, “that your life’s work is
about to be accomplished?”
“I really hope this is the case,” he said.